Russia and Iran officially activated their Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Treaty on Thursday, formalizing a 20-year framework to deepen bilateral ties.

Signed on January 17 in Moscow by Russian President Vladimir Putin and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, the treaty replaces a 2001 agreement.

The Russian Foreign Ministry called the treaty a “milestone” for strategic cooperation in a multipolar world. Iran’s Foreign Ministry described it as a turning point, enhancing collaboration in diplomacy, trade, energy, defense, science, and culture.

The Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Treaty between Russia and Iran, encompassing 47 articles, outlines extensive cooperation across multiple sectors, including defense, counterterrorism, and military-technical collaboration; energy projects involving oil, gas, and civilian nuclear initiatives; financial systems and strategies to circumvent sanctions; cybersecurity, infrastructure, and technological development; as well as media cooperation, environmental protection, and efforts to combat money laundering.

The treaty commits both nations to avoid aiding aggressors against each other and to prevent separatist activities on their territories. Both countries also reject “illegal” international sanctions and will not enforce third-party measures.

Russia’s State Duma and Federation Council ratified the treaty in April, while Iran’s Parliament and Guardian Council approved it in May. Recent developments include Russia’s pledge to supply 55 billion cubic meters of gas annually to Iran and funding for Iranian nuclear power plants. Russia has also rejected renewed U.N. sanctions on Iran, labeling them illegitimate.

The treaty strengthens Russia’s Middle East presence and Iran’s security amid regional tensions. It aims to counter Western sanctions through coordinated economic and energy policies. Observers note that the agreement’s success depends on the implementation of joint projects and its impact on Russia’s relations with other regional powers. (ILKHA)