Kazakhstan’s Interior Ministry said that 4,226 protesters were arrested in the unrest, which broke out after a fuel price hike.

“4,266 people were detained. Foreign citizens are among the detainees. More than 100 people were detained in one of the villages in the Almaty region. According to initial reports, these are citizens of a neighboring state,» the statement says,” the Ministry said.

“Protection of public order, objects of strategic importance, cleaning of streets are carried out by law enforcement forces, armed and subordinate forces,” the ministry added.

Protests broke out in Kazakhstan on Sunday after a sudden sharp increase in gas prices in which according to the Kazakh government was due to high demand and price-fixing.

The protests began in the oil town of Zhanaozen but have quickly spread to other cities in the country, including the largest city, Almaty.

In response, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev declared a state of emergency in the Mangystau Region and Almaty, effective from 5 January 2022. The Mamin Cabinet resigned the same day. The state of emergency was shortly extended to the whole country.

In response to Tokayev's request, the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) – a military alliance of Russia and its allied states that includes Armenia, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Kazakhstan itself – agreed to deploy troops in Kazakhstan. The aim was declared to be peacekeeping. The local police reported that “dozens of attackers were liquidated”, while former President Nazarbayev was removed as the Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan.

As a concession, President Tokayev said that the vehicle fuel price caps of 50 tenge per litre had been restored for 6 months. On Friday, he said in a statement, “Constitutional order has largely been restored in all regions of the country.”

He also announced that he had ordered troops to use deadly force against protesters, authorizing instructions to “shoot to kill” without warning at anyone demonstrating, calling protesters “bandits and terrorists” and saying that the use of force would continue to “destroy the protests”. (ILKHA)