Syria conducted its first parliamentary elections on Sunday since the ousting of President Bashar al-Assad in December 2024.

The elections mark a significant step in the country's transition from decades of authoritarian rule to a new political era.

The People's Assembly, Syria's legislative body, comprises 210 seats. Under the interim government led by President Ahmad al-Sharaa, two-thirds of these seats (140) were filled through indirect elections by electoral colleges in each of Syria's 14 governorates. The remaining third (70 seats) were appointed directly by President Sharaa. This mixed system was implemented due to challenges in voter registration and population displacement resulting from years of conflict.

Candidates were required to meet specific criteria, including being at least 25 years old, holding a university degree, and having a clean legal record. The electoral process was overseen by the Higher Committee for People's Assembly Elections, which coordinated with international observers to ensure transparency.

Despite the historic nature of the elections, the process faced several challenges. Voting was postponed in the predominantly Kurdish and Druze regions, leaving 19 seats vacant. Additionally, the absence of political parties and the appointment of a significant portion of the assembly raised concerns about the inclusiveness and legitimacy of the new legislature.

Observers noted that while some areas had a higher representation of female candidates, overall participation of women and minorities remained limited. Critics argue that the system may concentrate power within the executive branch, potentially undermining the assembly's role as a check on presidential authority.

The international community has expressed cautious optimism regarding Syria's political transition. While acknowledging the steps taken toward democratization, there are calls for further reforms to ensure broader representation and the establishment of a fully inclusive political system. (ILKHA)