One of Türkiye's most remarkable natural events is once again drawing visitors from across the country and abroad as millions of pearl mullets begin their annual migration through the freshwater streams feeding Lake Van.

Every year between May and July, the unique fish species undertakes an extraordinary journey from the alkaline waters of Lake Van to nearby freshwater rivers and creeks to reproduce. During this migration, the fish leap against powerful currents and small waterfalls, creating scenes often compared to the famous salmon runs of North America.

The migration has become one of eastern Türkiye's most popular ecotourism attractions, with hundreds of thousands of visitors traveling to the region each year to witness the natural spectacle.

A Fish Found Nowhere Else on Earth

The pearl mullet, known scientifically as Alburnus tarichi, is endemic to the Lake Van Basin and exists nowhere else in the world. It is the only fish species capable of surviving in Lake Van, whose highly alkaline, salty, and soda-rich waters are inhospitable to most freshwater and marine life.

Experts describe the species as one of the region's most valuable natural treasures and a key component of the local ecosystem and economy.

Because the fish cannot reproduce in the lake's harsh waters, it migrates annually to freshwater tributaries where it lays its eggs before returning to Lake Van.

A Difficult Journey

The migration is far from easy.

As the fish move upstream, they must overcome strong currents, rocky obstacles, and small waterfalls. At the same time, large numbers of seagulls gather along the streams, taking advantage of the migration to feed on the jumping fish.

The dramatic struggle between the pearl mullet and its natural predators creates striking scenes that attract photographers, nature enthusiasts, and documentary filmmakers from around the world.

Visitors frequently gather at observation points along streams such as the Bendimahi, Deliçay, and Karasu rivers, where the migration can be seen most clearly.

Strict Protection Measures in Place

Authorities have continued to enforce strict conservation measures to protect the species during its breeding season.

Fishing for pearl mullet is prohibited from April 15 to July 15 each year. During the ban period, teams from the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, local municipalities, gendarmerie units, police forces, and environmental agencies conduct inspections around the lake and along migration routes to prevent illegal fishing.

Officials say conservation efforts over the past decade have helped stabilize and improve pearl mullet populations after years of pressure from overfishing and illegal harvesting.

Tourism Boost for Eastern Türkiye

The migration season has become an important source of tourism revenue for the province of Van and surrounding districts.

Hotels, restaurants, and local businesses report increased visitor numbers during the migration period, while local authorities organize festivals, photography events, and educational programs to promote awareness of the species.

Environmental groups note that interest in the migration has grown significantly in recent years through social media, where videos of fish leaping through the air have attracted millions of views.

Scientists Monitor Climate Challenges

Researchers continue to monitor the effects of climate change and water availability on the species' habitat.

Environmental experts have warned that prolonged drought conditions, declining stream flows, and water pollution could affect future migration patterns and spawning success. In response, regional authorities have expanded habitat protection programs and increased monitoring of freshwater tributaries feeding Lake Van.

Scientists say maintaining adequate water levels in migration streams remains critical for the long-term survival of the species.

Symbol of Lake Van

For local residents, the pearl mullet is more than just a fish—it is a symbol of Lake Van and one of the region's most distinctive natural wonders.

As thousands of visitors line riverbanks to watch the fish battle currents and leap toward their spawning grounds, the annual migration continues to showcase the resilience of a species uniquely adapted to one of the world's most unusual aquatic environments.

With conservation efforts continuing and public awareness growing, authorities hope future generations will also be able to witness the extraordinary journey of Lake Van's "flying fish," a natural phenomenon found nowhere else on Earth. (ILKHA)