Global temperatures continued to hover near record levels in May, with scientists warning that rising greenhouse gas concentrations and unusually warm ocean waters are contributing to increasingly volatile weather patterns across large parts of the world.

Recent climate data showed that average global surface temperatures remained significantly above long-term norms, making May one of the warmest on record. Compared with the pre-industrial period, global temperatures were estimated to be more than 1.4 degrees Celsius higher.

Ocean temperatures also remained exceptionally elevated, reaching some of the highest levels ever recorded for the month. Scientists say warmer seas can increase the amount of moisture in the atmosphere, raising the likelihood of extreme weather events, including heavy rainfall, flooding and heatwaves.

Parts of Western Europe experienced an unusually early heatwave, with temperatures rising well above seasonal averages in countries including France, Britain, Ireland and Portugal. Meteorologists said the episode was among the most significant spring heat events recorded in several areas and reflected a broader trend of rising temperatures across the continent.

Across Europe, weather conditions varied sharply during the month. Cooler-than-average temperatures in some regions early in the period were followed by unusually warm conditions across parts of Western Europe, affecting several countries and increasing pressure on public services and infrastructure.

While parts of southern and western Europe faced dry conditions and concerns over water shortages, other areas experienced heavy rainfall and localized flooding. Meteorologists say such contrasts are becoming more frequent as a warming climate alters long-established weather patterns.

Researchers continue to monitor developments in the Pacific Ocean, where changing ocean-atmosphere conditions could influence global weather systems in the coming months. Scientists warn that the combination of long-term warming trends and natural climate variability may increase the likelihood of further extreme weather events.

Climate experts say reducing greenhouse gas emissions remains central to international efforts aimed at limiting future warming and mitigating the economic, environmental and humanitarian impacts of climate change.(ILKHA)