Spain’s Agriculture Ministry has mandated the strict indoor confinement of poultry—including chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese—in nearly 1,200 high-risk municipalities, effective immediately.

The measure aims to curb the rapid spread of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus, which has triggered alarm across Europe.

The directive targets regions identified as high-risk due to recent outbreaks in wild and domestic bird populations. Under the new rules, free-range poultry farming is suspended unless farms install protective netting to prevent contact between domestic and wild birds. Water sources for poultry must also be secured to avoid exposure to wild birds.

Spain’s egg sector, already reeling from earlier outbreaks, has culled approximately 2.5 million hens in recent months. While no major new outbreaks have been reported in recent weeks, recovery for affected farms remains slow. The Spanish Egg Producers Association warned that flock restoration will take considerable time.

Consumers are feeling the impact as well. According to the Organization of Consumers and Users (OCU), the price of a dozen eggs has risen by around €1 over the past six months—a 137% increase since 2021. The poultry meat industry, largely operating indoors already, has so far experienced less disruption.

Health authorities emphasize the severity of the current H5N1 strain, which can cause up to 100% mortality in certain poultry species within 48 hours. The virus has also been detected in over 200 mammal species, including cows, seals, and cats, though no human-to-human transmission has been confirmed to date.

The Agriculture Ministry cited the return of migratory birds and colder weather as key factors driving the increased risk. These conditions facilitate virus spread, prompting what officials describe as “precautionary but necessary” steps to prevent a repeat of past crises.

As the confinement order takes effect, Spanish authorities and industry representatives will monitor its effects on animal health, food prices, and supply chains, with implications likely to extend beyond Spain to other European markets. (ILKHA)